Futa Condensed Matter Physics Masters Syllabus

The M.Tech. programme shall be for a period of 18 months. The first two semesters shall be by course work and examinations. The third semester shall be by thesis based on a research proposal submitted and approved at the end of the second semester.

M.Tech in Condensed Matter Physics

FIRST SEMESTER

1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3

2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3

3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3

4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3

5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3

SECOND SEMESTER

1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3

2 PHY 808 Solid State Theory 3 0 0 3

3 PHY 830 Statistical Physics 2 1 0 3

4 Compulsory Elective 3 0 0 3

COMPULSORY ELECTIVES

1 PHY 805 Properties of Materials 3 0 0 3

2 PHY 819 Chaotic Dynamics 3 0 0 326

ELECTIVES

1 PHY 809 Solid State Devices Theory 3 0 0 3

2 PHY 810 Technology & Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices 3 0 0 3

3 PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory 3 0 0 3

4 PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials 3 0 0 3

5 PHY 828 Non-Conventional Energy Sources 3 0 0 3

PROJECT

1 PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project 0 0 18 12

PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 3 Units

Techniques for the solution of Boundary value problems, use of Green’s functions, integral Equations, Vector Spaces, Tensor Transformations, Materials, Complex Variable theory, Group, Representations and symmetry.

PHY 803 Electrodynamics (3 Units)

Concept of potential and its applications, Single and multiple boundary value problems, The electromagnetic field’s energy, forces and momentum relations, Maxwell’s equations’ solutions of the wave equation. Applications to radiating systems, Elements of relativistic electrodynamics, Moving charges, classical electron theory.

PHY 817 Digital Electronics (3 Units)

Switching circuits, Gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND, NOT, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, logic circuit designs. Sum of products and Products-of-sums expression, Karnaugh maps. Flip-flops. Arithmetic circuits: Adder and Subtractors. Binary multipliers. Counters and counter applications. Memory devices. Introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers.

PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 3 Units

Quantum Mechanics of one particle system, Quantum Mechanics of Heisenberg, Matrix mechanics and

transformation theory of Quantum Mechanics, Theory of angular momentum and spin, Zeeman effect, Time

dependent and time independent approximation methods and application, scattering theory, Dirac equation, low order radiation processes, relativistic Quantum Mechanics.

PHY 823 Computational Physics (3 Units)

Numerical linear algebra, root finding, approximation theory, integration, ordinary differential equations, optimization techniques, initial and boundary value problems, finite element methods, direct and indirect methods in matrix theory, optimization with constraints, analysis of numerical stability, computer programming.

PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques (3 Units)

Three projects in electronics and in basic physical techniques, e.g. vacuum techniques, optical instrumentation.

PHY 808 Solid State Theory (3 Units)

Symmetry and group theory; Electron States, Self-consistent field approximations methods, the Semi-surface, Semi-conductors and metals, the Kronig-Penny model, Dynamics of electrons and holes in semiconductors, Insulator bands, Impurity states; Scattering by resonance and impurities, Electronic properties; Thermodynamic, transport, semiconductor systems, screening. Dielectric properties. Optical properties; Lattice vibrations; Phonon and the lattice specific heat, Electron-phonon interactions, Superconductivity. Density functional theory and its applications.

PHY 830 Statistical Mechanics (3 Units)

Statistical distribution functions, Canonical and grand canonical formalism, phase transition and fluctuations, irreversible thermodynamics, Exact transport theory, Principle of equipartition of energy, Canonical and microcanonical ensembles and their applications, statistical quantum physics, Ising model.

PHY 819 Chaotic Dynamics (3 Units)

Concept of phase space, Point-care section, phase diagrams, Basins of attraction, Bifurcation diagrams, Simple chaotic maps: the Logistic map, the circle map, the horse-shoe map. Characterization of chaotic attractions, Lyapunov exponents, Chaos in fluid dynamics, Lasers, Chaos and quantum physics.

PHY 809 Solid State Devices Theory (3 Units)

PN junction theory: homo and hetero-junctions, metal-semiconductor junction, General characteristics and physical limitations of bipolar transistor; Relation of physical properties to electrical characteristics. Theory of junction-field effect transistor, Theory of insulated gate transistors, properties of the metal-oxide,

semiconductor system and its applications in insulated gate field effect transistor. High field and hull effect devices. Theory of quantum mechanics; Time-dependent and time-independent approximation methods.

Scattering theory.

PHY 810 Technology and Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices (3 Units)

Formation of PN junction, Formation of oxide and nitride layers on silicon, The photolithographic process; Oxide and nitride layers and diffusion masks, Formation of metal layers, Vacuum deposition. Ohmic contacts, Assembly methods, Outline of technology of semiconductor diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Evaluation of the technology; in-process texts on finished devices.

PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory (3 Units)

Quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen atom, electron spin, angular momentum vector and interaction. Radioactive transitions. ED approximation probability. Selection rules; The self-consistent field formations and the Hartre-Fork equations, Multiplex structure by Recah methods, Hyper-fine couplings and isotope shift, Atoms on crystal lattices, The stark and Zeeman effects, Vibrational-rotational structure of diatomic polyatomic molecules, Molecular orbitals.

PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials (3 Units)

Methods of single crystal growth; Vacuum deposition of single crystal layers. Impurities and lattice defects in semiconductors. Properties of germanium and silicon and of selected A13Bv compounds, GaAs, GaP, InSb, etc. Behaviour of impurities during crystal growth from the melt. Zone refining controlled doping, preparation and growth of inter-metalic semiconductor crystal. Mechanical, electrical and optical characterization of single crystals.

PHY 815 Non-conventional Energy Sources (3 Units)

Conventional and non-conventional energy sources; Bio-mass energy, energy storage in plans. Manufacture of synthetic fuel. Desertification and fuel wood conservation, Fossil energy, petroleum exploration. Energy consumption in industry, transportation and other sectors. Nuclear energy, nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and fusion, Reactor design, Efficient use of energy in small and medium forms. Waste utilization and recovery. Energy analysis and optimization; improving efficiency of power plants for production of electric energy. Energy planning.

PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project (12 Units)

Theoretical/Experimental project supervised by qualified lecturer(s) in the relevant field of interest leading to a certified thesis to be defended at the end of the programme.