Uniben Medical Laboratory Science Course Outline and Syllabus

This is the Medical Laboratory Science Course Outline and Syllabus for the University of Benin Uniben Nigeria, it also contains some vital information about the discipline.

Medical Laboratory Science is a promising dynamic profession that is designed to provide a broad basis of fundamental scientific knowledge and its application such that the graduands are well prepared to meet with changing needs of modern scientific knowledge considering their pivotal role in Health care delivery system.  The training exposes students to application of medical laboratory science in key areas such as clinical diagnostic services, food and beverages, pharmaceutical industries, Breweries, utility departments e.g. Water Corporation, academic and research institutions.

 The training exposes students to basic services, basic medical sciences and to core areas like Clinical Chemistry, Haematology/ Blood Transfusion Science, Medical Microbiology/Parasitology, Histopathology, Immunology/Immunochemistry as well as instrumentation and laboratory management.

The Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science degree programme shall run for five (5) years for Joint Matriculation Examination candidates and four (4) years for direct entry candidates.

Students accepted for the BMLS programme are expected to register with the Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN) and be indexed as student members soon after admission into the programme.  On successful completion of the BMLS programme, induction into the profession and mandatory one year internship preceding participation in the NYSC programme, graduates are registered as Associate members (AMLSCN) with the professional body, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, subject to meeting its other requirements.

100L FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
CHM 111	General Chemistry I	3
CHM 113	Organic Chemistry I	3
PHY  111	Mechanics, Thermal Physics & Properties of Matter	3
PHY 113	Vibrations, Waves & Optics	3
PBB 111	Diversity of Plants	3
AEB 111	Introductory Zoology	4
GST 111	Use of English I	2
GST 112	Philosophy & Logic	2
BMS 111	Elementary Mathematics 1	2
TOTAL		25

100L SECOND SEMESTER

CHM 122	General Chemistry II	3
CHM 124	Organic Chemistry II	3
PHY 109	Practical Physics	2
PHY 124	Electromagnetic   &     Modern Physics	4
AEB 122	Functional Zoology	4
BMS 121	Elementary Mathematics	3
GST 121	Use of English II	2
GST 122	Nigerian People & Culture	2
GST 123	History & Philosophy of Science	2
TOTAL		25

100L FIRST SEMESTER

PBB 111:  DIVERSITY OF PLANTS  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Morphology and life circle of plant and animals.  A general study of plant and animal groups from virus, algae/fungi to chordates.  Structural and functional study of plants and animal cells, tissues, organs and systems.  Taxonomic, physiodropical and developmental studies of plant and animals.  Reproduction, genetic, hereditary, substances, mechanism of nuclear decision and stem cell formation, Evolution and medical selection, Biology practical and demonstrations.

  

AEB 111: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY  3-0-3 (4 Credits)

Man’s population generals and impact on the biosphere.  Formal biodiversity.  Invertebrata – protozoa, coelenterate, platyhelminthes, annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Vertebrata – Cephalochordata, pieces, amphibian, reptalia, aves, mammalia, Mammalian anatomy; anatomy of rattus rattus.

PHY 111: MECHANICS, THERMAL PHYSICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER  2- 0-3 (3 Credits)

Dimensional analysis, Element of statistics.  Vector algebra, kinematics and dynamics of a mass point.  Elementary mechanics and gravitation.  Kepler’s laws. Motion of rigid bodies, moment of inertia, angular momentum.  Conservation of laws, simple harmonic, motion.  Elastic properties of solids, module of elasticity.  Fluid dynamics and hydrodynamics.  Laws of themodynamics and thermal energy, temperature, calorimetry.  Change of State, critical points.  Heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation.  Black body radiation.  Gas laws.  Kinetic theory of gases.  Physics practical and demonstrations.

PHY 113: VIBRATIONS, WAVES AND OPTICS  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Electrostatics, ciykinv’s laws Gauss’ law and simple application, Electric field energy and electrostatistics, potentials, Capacitance, Conductors insulators, dielectrics and polarization.  Electric current.  Ohm’s law, Circuit analysis. “Thermo electricity; Magnetic effects of currents, Ampere’s law application.  Magnetism, Earth’s magnetic field.  Faraday’s law of induction.  Alternating current AC circuits – measuring devices.  Hall’s effect Optics – basic principle and applications, Eye, Lenses and glasses as applied to common eye defects. Physics practical and demonstration.

CHM 111:  GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

An introduction to atomic structure and electronic configuration of the elements.  Electronic theory of valency.  The periodic classification and the general study of the elements with emphasis on similarities and differences based on position in the periodic table.  Radioactivity and its application kinetic theory and laws of gases.  Properties of dilute solutions.  Thermo-chemistry.  Chemical equlibrium.  Theory of acids, bases and indicators.  Phase equilibrium study and multicomponent systems and application in partition and absorption chromatography, Chemistry practical and demonstration.

CHM 113: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Introduction to organic chemistry.  IUPAC nomenclature, elemental analysis and molecular formulae.  Structural isomerism.  Isolation and purification methods.  The concept of functional growth, resonance and aromaticity.  A study of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols, alkyhalides ethers, aldehydes, comparison of phenols, and aromatic amines with their aliphatic, analogues, Common synthetic polymers and their uses.  Introduction to carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and fats.  Optical Isomerism, Chemistry practical and demonstrations.

  

BMS 111:  Elementary Mathematics 1 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Polynomials    and     their   factorization, rational function.  Trigonometry definitions and elementary properties      of trigonometric, function, radian measure, periodicity of identities.  Formulas for sum of products and quotient.  The chain rule.  Differentiation of definite and indefinite algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.  Maxima and minimum, tangential and normal.  Fundamental theory of calculus simple application to areas and volumes, Methods of integration. 

Application of different and integration to biological systems.

GST 111:  USE OF ENGLISH 1 2-0-0 (2 credits)

Modes and methods of effective communication in English.  Use of literacy works to improve communication skills, Language skills.  Development of reading, and writing skills.  Note taking and summarizing from oral English and written materials, writing of essays, answers and other assignments.   Instruction on lexis, collection, and organization of materials and logical presentation for written assignment.

GST 112:  PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC 2-0-0 (2 Credits) 

Introduction:  the main branches of philosophy.  Symbolic logic.  Special symbol in symbolic logic.  Conjugation, negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalence and conditional statement.  Law of thought.  Methods of deduction using rules of inference and biconditionals.  Qualification theory.

100L SECOND SEMESTER

CHM 122:  GENERAL CHEMISTRY II 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Acids, Bases and salts.  Quantitative and qualitative analysis.  Theory of volumetric analysis operations and methods.  Calculations, mole, molarity, molality. Behavior of electrolytes. Water, Colligative properties. Ostwald’s dilution law.  Arthenius, Bronsted Lowry, Lewis concepts and applications Buffers – introduction to reaction rates Equilibra and equilibrium constants.  Solubility products.  Common effects.  Precipitation reactions Chemistry of Redox reactions.

 BMS 121: Elementary Mathematics (3 credits)

Introduction to statistics. Diagrammatic representation of descriptive data. Measures of location and dispersion for ungrouped data. Grouped distribution measure of location and dispersion for grouped data. Problems of grouping. Associated graphs. Introduction to probability, simple space and events, addition law, use of permutation and combination in evaluation probability. Binomial distribution. Linear correlation: scatter diagram, moment and rank correlation, linear regression.

CHM 124:  ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (3 Credits)

Polar function group chemistry.  Hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxylic group, carboxylic acid derivatives and amino acids.  Miscellaneous topics – fats and oils, amino acids proteins, carbohydrates and natural products.

PHY 109:  PRACTICAL PHYSICS 2-2-2 (2 Credits)

Students are expected to carry out a minimum of 12 major experiments covering the main aspect of the courses taken in the year.

PHY 124: ELECTROMAGNETIC AND MODERN PHYSICS  3-0-3 (4 Credits)

Electromagnetism – electric field, steady direct current, Kirchoff’s laws, capacitors, Electromagnetic fields, alternating currents, magnetic fields Electromagnetic, induction, and electricity and matter.  Modern physics – Structure of atom and structure of the nucleus.

PBB 122: PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

The general morphology, anatomy, histology and physiology of flowering plants, seed structure, dispersal and germination, development of primary and secondary plant body, water relations, photosynthesis, translocation, and storage organs, respiration.

AEB 122: FUNCTIONAL ZOOLOGY 3-0-1 (4 Credits)

Embryology – gametogenesis, fertilization and cleavage as demonstrated by Amphioxus, Genetics of the cell and distribution of genetic material, mitosis, meiosis, inheritance, sex determination and sex linked inheritance.  Histology, Cells, tissues, organ formation and main features.  Physiology: functioning of mammalian skin, muscles/skeleton, alimentary system/nutritional requirements and deficiencies.

GST 121: USE OF ENGLISH II 2-1-0 (2 Credits)

Sentences construction including topic and supporting sentences outlines and paragraphs. Punctuations and logical presentations of papers formal, footnotes, quotations, references and bibliography.  Documentation, conjections, presentation and editing.  Use of the library and basic research methods, phonetics.  Art of public speaking and oral communication.  Types of libraries, forms of library services.  Cataloguing and book classification schemes.

GST 122: NIGERIA PEOPLE AND CULTURE  2-0-0 (2 Credits)

History, values norms and cultural characteristics of African and the Nigerian society in particular, role of culture in the behaviors of Nigerian.  The African society, development, migration, large and small rural movements and its effect on man and disease, the Nigerian rural and urban societies and diseases.  Changing patterns of diseases in rural and urban societies.  Changing moral values.  Cultural nationalism and political revolution of African States.  Concepts of religion in humanistic perspectives.  Traditional education and its humanistic functions.  Rule and concepts of functional education in functional development.

200L FIRST SEMESTER

MLS 211: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LABORTORY SCIENCE I   2-0-0 (2 credits)

General introduction to medical laboratory science subjects namely, Clinical Chemistry, Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science.  Medical Microbiology, Histopathology and Immunology, Specimen collection, reception and registration.  Storage and disposal, Specimen bottle. Safety precaution in pathology laboratories against chemical, biological, electrical materials and radiation hazards.  Techniques and principles of chemical sterilization and physical methods.  Glassware cleaning care and maintenance, Breeding of laboratory animals.

ANT 210: GENERAL ANATOMY AND GROSS ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMBS  2-0-3 (2 credits)

The general descriptive terms and the techniques as used in the study of the human body would be introduced.  The normal anatomical position and the directional movement of the body parts would be introduced.  The gross anatomy of the upper limbs: Pectoral region, Axilla and the anastomosis, carpal tunnel, Hand, Nerve Injuries, Osteology and joints of the upper limb, the vascular anastomosis and lymphatic drainage of the breast and upper limb would be studied.

ANT 211: GENERAL GROSS ANATOMY OF THORAX   2-0-3 (2 credits)

Description of the thorax: The sternum and ribs, thoracic vertebrae, Heart and great Vessels, thoracic duct, dissection of the entire thoracic region, Azygos system of vein, intercostals spaces, Mediastinum, lungs bronchopulmonary tree and segments thoracic diaphragm, Aorta and respiratory movement. Dissected specimens will be demonstrated to the students.

ANT 212: GENERAL BASIC HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY  2-0-3 (2 Credits)

Description Structure and the function of the cell general histology and basic tissues of the body.  Preparation of tissues for microscopy, is a practical oriented course that is studied alongside with the theoretically based lecture.

 ANT 213:  GENERAL BASIC EMBRYOLOGY  2-0-0 (2 Credits)

General consideration of the male and female reproductive organs, Gametogenesis, Fertilization, implantation, cleavage, the morula, the blastocyst formation of the primitive streak, the Bilaminar and trilaminar germ disc.  Development of tissues and organ system of the embryo, the chronic and amniotic cavities.   Foetal membranes placental formation and functions. The molecular regulation in differentiation of tissues and organs and in the establishment and patterning of the body axis Birth defects chromosomal and genetic factors.  Twins and twin defects. General characteristics of the embryonic and foetal periods.

PHS 211: INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY    2-0-0 (2 Credits)  

Cells physiology Physiochemical principles, Body fluids and Blood transport control systems Introduction to ANS, Excitable and contractile Cells.

PHS 212:  BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY  2-0-3 (2 Credits)

Introduction and definition of body fluids and body third compartments Regulation of body fluid volumes.  Physiological variation of body fluid volumes.  Techniques for quantifying various body fluid volmes. Blood: Functions of blood and classification of blood cells, Erythropoiesis, Haematological indices.  Haemoglobin genotype and Blood groups, Immunology and cell defence.

PHS 213: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM  2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Defination and functions of the cardiovascular system, Cardiac, muscle cardiac myoelectrophysiology, cardiac cycle, circulation of blood, cardiac output and regulation. Blood pressure, Haemodynamics and microcirculation, Pulmonary, Cerebral, Coronary, splanchnic and muscle circulation. Shock and cardiovascular changes in exercise.

PHS 214:  RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY   2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Definition and functions of the respiratory system, Physiologic anatomy of the respiratory system. Respiratory dynamics and work pulmonary ventilation: Lung volumes and capacities, Spirometry. Mechanism and mechanism of breathing, Lung surfactant, pulmonary circulation.  Gas exchange and gas transport.  Oxygen-Haemoglobin dissociation curve.  Hypoxia and dyspnoea.  Respiratory changes in exercise and barometric changes.  Control of breathing.

MBC 210: INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY 2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Short history and definition of Biochemistry: Importance of Biochemistry to medicine and other scientific disciplines.  The living cell. Organization and Molecular architecture. Types of cell and their characteristics. Structure and organization of Biological Membranes Biomolecules and the origin of life. Chemistry of biomolecules. Carbohydrates Classification, structure distribution and functional role of named examples.  Chemical properties and reactions.  Essential fatty acids, Eicosanoids fat-soluble vitamins – Structure and functions.  Peptide bonds and hierarchy of protein structure Nucleic acids.  RNA and DNA Structure/function of enzymes, Zymogens. Active site and specificity of enzymes.  Inhibition and “Activation of enzymes.  Factors affecting enzyme catalses reaction.  Allosteric enzymes, isoenzymes.  The Concepts of Vitaminoses, Hypovitaminoses and Antivitamins. Vitamins and their co-enzyme function.  Biomedical importance of vitamins.

200L SECOND SEMESTER

ANT 220: GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM  2-0-3 (2 Credits)

Abdomen: subdivision of the abdominal region and their applied anatomy, Anterior Abdominal wall, inguinal region, posterior abdominal wall, stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small and large intestine, celiac trunk, biliary apparatus, intra and supra colic compartment and recesses, appendix, renal and suprarenal gland, dissection of the entire abdominal region for proper understanding of the entire region. Pelvis and perineum: Pelvic cavity wall and diaphragm.  Pelvic visceral like the urinary bladder, uterus, testes, ovary, etc.  Perineum, boundaries and subdivisions.  Perineal pouches, external genitalia, ischiorectal fossas. General dissection of the pelvis and perineum region.

  

ANT 222: SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY I 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

 Systemic histology of CVS, GIT, Musculo skeletal 

ANT 223: SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY  1 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

The diaphragm, the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro intestines systems. Development of the adrenal gland, the liver, the pancreas and the spleen.  The urogenital, Musculo-skeletal and integumenary system.  The limbs, the molecular regulation and associated developmental anomalies of the systems. 

MLS 222: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES 11 2–0-1(2 Credit)

Microcopy and micrometry-use and care of microscopes. Refrigeration and freeze-dries-principles, uses, care and maintenance. Handling, of laboratory animals. Laboratory location and floor plan. Laboratory organization and management. Simple analytical techniques in chemical pathology. Presentation of volumetric analysis. Urinalysis etc, principles of tissues preservation; fixation, processing and staining. Handling of surgical autopsy specimens. Removal of formal in pigments, basic, tools of the microbiologist-wire loop cotton wool, pipettes, swab and their uses, preparation of films and basic staining techniques Gram’s stain, Ziehl Nelson’s stain. Hematological stain principle and components. Blood film preparation and staining, pipettes, chambers care and uses.

Haemoglobin, PCV estimation, WBC counting.

  

PHS 221:    RENAL PHYSIOLOGY  2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Definition and functions of the kidney.  Physiologic anatomy of the kidney, Glomerular filtration.  Tubular functions, Urine formation: - Dilute and concentrated.  Urine, counter current mechanism, Plasma clearance, renal autoregulation, ECF regulation, Acid Based balance, Renin-Angiotensin system.

PHS 222:  GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Definition and functions, Physiologic anatomy and innervations of the GIT, Mastication, Deglutition, Salivary gland, Digestion and food absorption, Movement and Stomach emptying, Movements of the GIT, Vomiting and defecation, GIT secretions and juices, Liver and General metabolism (BMR).

PHS 223: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION 2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Definition and functions, Definition of Hormones, Methods of Measurement, Types and mechanism of Actions, Regulation, Physiologic, anatomy, Hypothalamus, Hypothalamic releasing factors, Hypothalamic Nuclei, Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, Pituitary gland, Tropic Hormones, GIT and other Local Hormones. Structure and functions of male and female reproductive organs.  Androgens, Spermatogenesis and fertility.  Infertility in male.  ogenesis, Sexual cycle and hormonal regulations.  Fertilization, Pregnancy and Parturition, Fertility and infertility in female.  Family planning.

PHS 224:  TEMPERATURE REGULATION   (1 Credit)

Body temperature and the environment, Mechanisms of heat Exchange, peripheral, thermoreceptors, central thermoreceptors, hyperthermia, and hypothermia, Fever, heat Exhaustion and Heat stroke.

MBC 220: CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Structural inter-relationships of sugars. Stereochemistry of sugars. Hexoses, Pentoses,Disaccharides, Starch,Glycogen and Polysaccharides.Methods of identifying sugars. Carbohydrate metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Glycolysis. TCA cycle and

Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Glyoxylate Pathway. Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenesis. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Energy generation and storage in Biological Systems.

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism. The Pyruvate and αKetoglutarate complexes and their regulation. Metabolism of Lipids. Digestion and absorption. Role of Lipoproteins in lipid transport. Metabolism of lipoprotein in health and disease. Triacylglycerol oxidation and oxidation of fatty acids. Storage and mobilization of energy stores in adipocytes. Ketone bodies and Ketosis. Interrelationship of fatty acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis/oxidation. Biological importance of Eicosaniods. Glycolipids and Sphingolipids. The Chemistry and metabolism of Steroids and Steroid hormones.

MBC   223 AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Structure of amino acids. Peptide bonds. Metabolism and transport of amino acids and proteins. Digestion and absorption.Gammaglutamyl Cycle. Detailed treatment of mechanism of deamination, transamination. Glutamate Dehydrogenase,Glutamate  and Glutamine synthesis. The biochemical and clinical importance of these enzymes. Fate of Carbon skeleton. Urea cycle. The concepts of Nitrogen balance. Nitrogen turnover in cells. Degradation of amino acids. Aromatic acids degradation, inborn errors of metabolism, metabolism of Uric Acid. Integration and Compartmentation in intermediary metabolism. Metabolism of one carbon compounds.

MBC   225 PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY  2-0-3 (3 Credits)

A review of the Structural Characteristics of proteins. Determination of N and C terminal amino acids. Amino acid sequence and sulphide bridges. Determination of Protein Structure by X-Crystallography. Biological functions of proteins. The oxygen transporting proteins (Haemoglobin and Myoglobin). Connective tissue proteins. Collagen and Elastin. Structure/Function relationships. Enzymes. Isolation and Purification from animals and plants and microorganisms. Zymogens and Isoenzymes. Characteristics of enzymes. Kinetics of enzymes catalysed reaction. Allosterism. Importance of Enzymology in Medicine. Coenzymes and relationships to vitamins.  

300L FIRST SEMESTER

MLS 310 LABORATORY POSTING 1 (SIWES) 0-1-6 (3 Credits) 

 Posting of students to all sections of routine medical laboratories for on the job training under the supervision of qualified medical laboratory scientists for 2 days weekly for the entire semester. Scored log books are kept by each student per posting.

MLS 311    MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE ETHICS  (3 credits)

History and philosophy of ethics in the practice of Medical Laboratory Science. Relationship between religion and socio— cultural values on medical ethics. Ethical issues involved in private practice. Relationship between the Medical laboratory scientist and other members of the health team. Intra professional auditing, Medical aboratory Sciences ethic and consultancy services. Elements of informed consent in research. Relationship between proper dressing, personal comportment and patient care-the psychologist’s view: Medical Laboratory Science ethics as it affects paternity disputes, infertility studies, and sexually transmitted disease etc. real case presentation medico—legal aspects of medical Laboratory practice

MLS 312 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE III  2-0-0 (3 Credits)

Introduction to, parasitism, and other animal associations, adaptation to parasitic way of life.  How parasites invade their host.  The ineffective agents of parasites.  Basic knowledge of structure, classification and life cycle of parasites of medical importance, vectors and intermediate hosts of parasites.  Introduction to anthropods of medical importance.  Biology of the mosquito in relation to the transmission of malaria, filiariasis and viral infections.

MLS 313        MEDICAL PHYSICS    2-0-3 (3 Credits)  

Kinematical and mathematical problems—circulation of pulse, blood pressure and volume changes. The heart and blood surface tension effect. Temperature and heat flow/electricity, electrocardiograms, general radiation linear energy transfer and radiation measurement, radiation damage-detection and safety, X- ray generation and application radioisotopes production, use and disposal.

MLS 314       BASIC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY  2-0-3 (3 Credits)  

Traditional and S. 1 units in clinical chemistry; Reference values: Gastric function test; Agents for Gastric stimulation. Ward procedures and laboratory investigation of Gastric secretion: Intestinal function tests; Digestion and absorption; cause of Malabsorption. Laboratory investigation of malabsorption. Renal functions of the kidney; measurement of Renal plasma flow, Glomerular filtration rate. Creatinine clearance, insulin clearance, concentration and dilution tests; urinary, acidification tests, urine specific gravity/Osmolarity. Dye Excretion test.Water and Electrolyte status. Blood buffers. Transport of blood gases; assessment of acid/base status. Lipids; definition and types of lipids; formation of free fatty acids, Ketone bodies and lactate; measurement of plasma lipids and lipoprotein. Plasma proteins and physiology functions; factors affecting synthesis and catabolism. Methods for the determining of total protein in serum. Carbohydrate metabolism; blood glucose homeostasis, Hyperglycemia diabetes mellitus-its cause and investigation: Hypoglycemia—types causes and investigation.

CED 300: INTRODUCTION TO THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP  2-0-0 (2 Credits) 

Introduction to entrepreneurship,ways of starting a business, conducting market Surveys etc. Legal procedures for starting an entrepreneur and the Law, Financing,Marketing,Record and record keeping, business planning.

                          

MLS 315 BASIC IMMUNOLOGY      2-0-0 (2 Credits) 

The Historical background of Immunology. Classification of Immunity Innate Immunity. Development and structure of cells in the Immune system. Cellular interaction in the expression and regulation of immunity acquired.

300L SECOND SEMESTER

MLS 321    INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 2-0-0  (2 Credits)

History, Morphology, growth and nutrition.  Classification and identification of bacteria.  Bacterial genetics, Bacteriophages, viruses, infection and resistance to infection.  Sterilization and disinfection.  Antimicrobial agents.  Introduction to parasites and fungi.

MLS 322 LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION & TECHNIQUES 3-0- 2 (3Credit)  

Instrument aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis-theory and practice of some common analytical techniques; colorimetry, spectroflourimetry flame-photometry, conductometry, polarography etc. Osmometry, nephelometry, Turbidemetry, PH measurement by ion specific electrodes— separation techniques including Electrophoresis; paper, cellulose acetate, Agar gel starch and polyacrylamide gel; Isoelectric focusing, Isotophoresis, Chromatograhy, Ion exchange, Gel filtration, molecular sieves; dialysis filtration, solvent Extraction, centrifugation –Ultracentifiguration, Immunoeletrophoretic techniques, radio immunoassay, competitive protein binding, Isotope dilution techniques; Enzyme Immuno assay, receptor Assay, automation, Micro and Ultra Micro Analysis. Practical based on the above topics. 

MLS 326 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2-0-0 (2Credits) 

Laboratory Management, planning a medical laboratory including the provision for the reception of patients’ selection and storage of chemicals, materials and apparatus. Detailed knowledge of the principles, use and maintenance of common laboratory apparatus and equipment. Ventilation, air conditioning and dust control in the laboratory.  Equipment used in special workbench e.g cutting—up benches media-pouring, etc sterilization of air. Laboratory hazards and safety measures to be taken in the use of radioactive and dangerous materials. Emergency treatment for accidents. Laboratory Records Maintenance of records: reception, recording storage, filling and indexing of specimens and result. Organization and operation of a system of quality control. Supply Chain Management: Introduction to commodity supplies, SOP Manual for facilities and staff in SCM, Cataloqing and Indexing of Laboratory supplies, Introduction to LMIS, Max-Min, Inventory control system, Adjust Max-Min level. Inventory,storage and distribution of health commodities, Assessing health logistics, system selection,quantification of Medical laboratory and Health commodities, Supply, Planning and Shipment. Introduction to Medical Laboratory commodities procurement, monitory and supervision. Methods of recording experiments.

  

MLS  323   FUNDAMENTAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION SCIENCE 2-0-3 (3 Credits) 

ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups, Inheritance, distribution and Genetic Theory. Blood Grouping Techniques –principles, Disadvantages and Advantages. Preparation of Antisera, Antiserum titration avidity, potency and specificity. Plant lectins— preparation and standardization of antisera from lectins e.g Dolochos biflorus. Anticoagulants used in BGS; ACD, CPD-CPA-A etc in modes of action and side effects. Blood bottles (MRC) and plastic Bags-Advantages and disadvantages. Donor screening— using CUSO₄ method –other methods of screening. Preparation of blood products—cryoprecipitate, platelet rich plasma, packed cells fresh frozen plasma, fibrinogen etc. storage of blood and blood products- various methods, advantages and disadvantages. Blood banking –organization structures, facilities and records. Blood group specific substance – synthesis, identification method (s) and application.  Quality control of physical and chemical reagents.  Practical/Tutorials.  ABO and Rhesus grouping method Antiserum Titration DCT and ICT antibody screening.

MLS  324    BASIC HAEMATOLOGY 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Origin, development and function of blood cells. Synthesis and breakdown of haeomoglobin. Methods of Haemoglobin estimation. Methods of cell counting. Absolute values. Introduction to Homeostasis. Principles and mode of action of common anticoagulants. Principle and components of Hematological stains. Simple tests used in blood coagulation.

Blood films –normal and abnormal practical classes. 

MLS  325   GENERAL PATHOLOGY (BASIC HISTOPATHOLOGY) 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Introduction to Histopathology, fixation autolysis bacterial decomposition. Effects of fixation, common fixing agents and their uses. Secondary fixation, post –fixation and post –chroming and post mordating. Fixation, pigments Decalcification.

Dehydration, clearing and infiltration/embedding. Frozen and celloidin sections. Embedding media. Basic histology of organs. Principles and application of exfoliative Cytology. Collection and fixation of specimens for Cytological examination. Museum technique- colour restoration. Mounting in museum jars. Tissues and cellular injury inflammation. Healing and repairs. Gross post- mortem slide examination to illustrate normal and abnormal features appearance of diseased organs in routine and common tumours.

 

PCO   320 INTRODUCTORY PHARMACOLOGY  2-0-3 (2 Credits)

History of Pharmacology and its development. Introduction to pharmacokinetic; drug absorption and bioavailability. Drug metabolism,pharmacogenetics. Effects of disease on drug kinetics. Drug in pregnancy and the extreme age.Pharmacodynamics;dose-response relationships,LD_50, ED₅₀ and. Therapeutic index; introduction of new drugs,clinical trials;adverse drug reactions and adverse reaction surveillance.

MLS 320   LABORATORY POSTING II (SIWES) 0-1-6  (3 credits) 

Posting of students to all section of routing Medical laboratories for on the job training under the supervision of qualified medical laboratory scientist for 2 days per week scored logbook records per bench are kept for each student per posting.

400L FIRST SEMESTER

MLS  411   MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY  2-0-3 (3 credits)

Introduction to the parasites. Classification of protozoa, (the amoebas, the ciliates, the flagellates, Nematodes. (Ascaris, Strongyloidies, Trichuris, Guinea worms, Trichinella Enterobius, etc.).  Life cycle and pathogenicity of cestodes. (The tapeworms, Larval forms of Cestodes). Life cycle and pathogenicity of the Trematodes (The Schistosome, fasciola paragonimus, etc.). methods of demonstration of parasite in blood, faces, vagina, urine urethra, pus from lung and liver, skin snips, etc Mechanisms of their disease production; Epidemiology and control of parasitic diseases. Arthropods of medical importance— the crustaceans Arachnida Hexapoda, Myiasis etc-their biology, life cycles and control. Life history as disease vectors various disease of medical importance transmissible by insects. Biology of mosquito in relation to transmission of malarial, filariasis and viral infections etc. 

MLS  412 BASIC MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY  2-0-3 (3 Credits) 

Methods for the demonstration of bacterial form and structure. Design and preparation of culture media. Sterilization and other methods of bacterial control. Aseptic procedures and methods for pure culture isolation, procedures for receiving, handling and processing of clinical specimens. Antibiotic assay, sensitivity test and chemotherapy. Plate reading. Principle and techniques of anaerobic bacteriology.  Methods of total and viable counts. Stock culture preservation, quality control of culture and media. Record-keeping in Bacteriology laboratory. Staining techniques for spores, capsules and negative staining procedure, wet preparation, motility tests. Introductory mycology.

MLS 413  INTRODUCTION TO HAEMOGLOBIN, HAEMOGLOBINOPATHY & MYELOPROLIFERATIONS 2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Iron metabolism, folate and Vit B 12 metabolism, Nomenclature, classification and investigation of common haemoglobinopathies, hemolytic anemia’s; myeloproferative disorder; homeostatsis and disorder of homeostasis; investigation of bleeding disorders. Bone marrow. Practical classes.

  

MLS 414 INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS & COMPATIBILITY TESTS 2-0-3 (3 credits)

 Blood groups –other blood groups e.g MNS, Duffy, Kell, Kidd etc. grouping techniques and antibody screening, clinical significance, serostatus. Antenatal serology – screening and Titration (quantitation) compatibility procedures-different methods, advantage and disadvantages, Blood Transfusion reactions. -causes and types; investigation. Risks attendant in blood transfusion- Diseases, anaphylactic, hemolytic and allergic reactions. Screening of Donor blood for diseases. Compatibility procedures- advantages and disadvantages. Practical based on the above topics.

MLS 415     ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY      2-0-3 (3 credits)

Principles of analytical techniques in clinical chemistry-devising new techniques, biological trials and tests for acceptability. Solid/dry phase chemistry, dipstick technology, thin film technology immobilized enzymes – analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination of enzymes, hormones, proteins, lipid, trace elements, non-protein nitrogen, volumetric analysis -partition, adsorption, gel filtration, ion exchange and gas liquid chromatography. Electrochemical analysis- principles of potentiometric analysis. Fractionation of proteins-fractional precipitation (salting out), chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures. Protein precipitants-mode of action and choice in analytical procedures.

MLS 416    INTRODUCTION TO CYTOLOGY 2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Collection, selection and preparation of cytology specimens (Cervical smear, Vaginal smear, Bronchial aspirates, ascitic fluids and other fluids). Cytology staining techniques, normal, atypical and malignant cells. Cornification index. Maturation index, progesterone/androgen effects.

MLS 410 LABORATORY POSTING III (SWIES) 0-1-6 (3 Credits)

Posting of students to all sections of routine Medical Laboratories for on the job training under the supervision of qualified Medical Laboratory Scientists, for 2 days per week in the entire semester. Scored logbook records per bench are kept for each student per posting.

MLS 417 NUCLEIC ACID BIOCHEMISTRY AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Nomenclature of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. Nucleic acids. Hydrolysis of nucleic acids. Analysis of nucleotide sequence in nucleic acids and its application in diagnosis of diseases. Nucleic acid protein complexes. Genetic role,structure and replication of DNA. Introduction to polymerase chain reaction and its application in laboratory diagnosis.

400L SECOND SEMESTER

MLS 421 BIOSTATISTICS  2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Aims, characteristics and application of biostatistics in biomedical sciences- samples, population variables, frequently distribution, vital and descriptive statistics, measurement of central tendencies – mean, median, mode dispersion, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Collection and presentation of data, probability distribution. Hypothetical tests of statistical significance. Analysis of variance, regression and correlation, experimental designs and clinical trials.

MLS 422 VIROLOGY          2-0-3 (3 Credits)

Morphology and life cycle of viruses, nomenclature and classification of viruses –various methods. Reproduction and multiplication of viruses, resistance, pathology, collection of clinical specimens for viral culture. Culture methods for isolation of viruses, purification, immunity, laboratory diagnosis of viral infection. Haemaglutination test, CFT, Neutralization test, systematic study of viral diseases. Interferon, immunotherapy and chemotherapy in viral infection, inclusion bodies and cytopathic effects. Viral and host interactions and identifications, Viral vaccines and immunoprophylaxis.

MLS 423 INTRODUCTION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY TECHNIQUES AND MUSEUM   2-0-3 (3 credits)

Principle of photochemical methods. DNA- demonstration by Feulgen techniques. Silver impregnation methods. Genes and genetic code. Tissue culture techniques; chromosome analysis. Autoradiography – Definition and principle. Organization of a medical Museum. Method of colour maintenance. Fixation and storage of museum specimens. Special museum techniques e.g Dawson’s Method. Principle of photography-Macro and Microphotography.Preparation of stained sections for microphotography. Preparation of specimens for macro photography. Cytological normal cells. Histology of tissues. Atypical and malignant cells. Collection of cytological smears and processing and screening. Principles of general pathology. Systemic pathology. Gastrointestinal tract. Urogental, coetaneous. Principle of electron microscopy. Practical based on the topics.

MLS 424 BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING      2-0-0 (2 Credits)

Workshop practice. Principles of use, maintenance and repair of common apparatus and laboratory equipment. Principle of applied and general electronics. Circuit diagrams computer programming. Improvisation. Glass blowing and construction of simple laboratory equipment. Design techniques, improvement on existing equipment, review and modifications of laboratory methods.

MLS 425 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2-0-3 (2 Credits)

General preparation and storage of reagents for diagnostic use.  Preparation and purification of antibody and antigen for diagnostic tools. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.  Concepts of vaccination. Preparation, purification and storage of vaccine. Introduction to Mathematical and Computation Genomics. Its application to medicine in general and laboratory diagnosis specifically.

 

MLS 426 COUNSELING/SKILLS 2-0-0 (3 Credits)

Definition of counseling, care and support, types of counseling pre-test, post-test prevention primary or secondary, crisis management, problem solving, decision making couple spiritual and pastoral; who needs counseling Prospect/benefits of counseling constraints in counseling, rewarding listening skills, prevention and managing conflicts. Genetic counseling including sickle cell trait in marriage, Blood donation campaign HIV infection etc. Case studies. 

MLS 427   IMMUNOLOGY/IMMUNOCHEMISTRY  2-0-3 (2 credits)

Immunoglobulin-Structure and infection. Gene Organization and assembly. Mediators of cellular Immunity. Phagocytic cell Chemotaxis and effectors function of Macrophage and Granulocytes. The complement system. Laboratory methods of detection of antigens and antibodies. Autoimmunity, Tissue and Graft reactions Immunotolerance, self and nonself, Histocompatibility, Transplantation, Tumor Immunology, Hypersensitivity and allergy.

MLS 420 LABORATORY POSTING IV (SIWES) 0-1-6 (3 Credits)

2 days weekly for the entire semester. Scored log books are kept by each student per posting.

  

500L FIRST SEMESTER

MLS 510 LABORATORY POSTING V (SIWES) 0-1-6 (3 CREDITS)

Each student undergoes on the bench training in the different analytical techniques used in the area of specialization.  The students are to participate in the routine operation of the laboratory.  Log books are kept by each student under the supervision of a qualified medical laboratory scientists. 110

MLS  511 SEMINAR 0-2-0 (2 CREDITS)

Students are to carry out intensive literature research and present seminar on selected approved topics to the Departmental colloquium.  Each presentation will be for about 15 to 20 minutes followed by general discussion.  The presentation will be scored by the group of internal assessors appointed by the department.

MLS 512 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3-0-0 (3 Credits)

Introduction to research methodology. Collection of literature review articles. Problem definition. Sampling techniques. Experimental designs of medical and data public health studies. Questionnaire design and data collection analysis. Interpretation and utilization of research findings. The role of research in health and social welfare. The need for institutional and governmental ethnical clearance for some research Aims, characteristics and application of biostatistics. Measures of central tendencies and variation. Collection and presentation of data. Probability sampling. Test of statistical.  Significance. Experimental designs and clinical trials. Other applications of biostatistics to clinical and preventive medicine projects. Research proposals and sourcing of funding for research projects. Arts of scholarly publications, and instructional design.

 

MLS 513 CYTOGENETIC 2-0-0 (2 Credits) 

Theory and practice of clinical cytogenetics. Chromosome analysis, structure, organization and staining techniques. Chromosomes in man Normal karyotype and chromosome abnormalities. Mosaicism, trisomy, monosomy, translocation Klinefelters and Turner’s syndromes, sex chromatins. Inactivation of X –chromosome and sex determination. Genetic diseases. Clones, mapping of autosomes, DNA synthesis, gene in kindred segregation. X-linked inheritance. Chimeras. Genes in families and population. Selection, pedigree analysis, mutation and mutagens, Hardy Weinberg equation, genetic drift, inbreed. Slide reporting. Philadephia and Christ church chromosomes. transformation and types of tumors and viruses. Oncogen theory etc. Viral gastroenteritis, Miscellaneous, viruses, vaccines, production and immunization.