Uniben Physiology Undergraduate Syllabus
Physiology in a broad sense is the study
of the normal functions of the living organism as opposed to non-living.
Physiology is an enquiry into nature so as to gain an understanding into the
underlying how, what and why of the physical and chemical mechanisms in a
system. Its branch of human physiology is the basis of the study of medicine;
and many physiologists have won the Noble Prize in Medicine. And because every
disease is associated with a disorder of function, no physician can diagnose or
treat patients intelligently without a good knowledge of the physiology of
cells, organs and the organism as a whole.
The B.Sc. programme in human physiology
is designed to cater for adequate exposure in all areas of human physiology as
well as take relevant courses in human anatomy, medical biochemistry, and
pharmacology. The graduate will be able to serve as teachers and research
workers in higher intuitions, research institutes, service laboratories in
hospitals and industries.
100L FIRST SEMESTER
|
COURSE
CODE
|
COURSE
TITLE
|
COURSE
CREDIT
|
|
CHM 111
|
General Chemistry I
|
3
|
|
CHM 113
|
Organic Chemistry I
|
3
|
|
PHY 111
|
Mechanics, Thermal
Physics &
Properties of Matter
|
3
|
|
PHY 113
|
Vibrations, Waves
& Optics
|
3
|
|
PBB 111
|
Diversity of Plants
|
3
|
|
AEB 111
|
Introductory Zoology
|
4
|
|
GST 111
|
Use of English I
|
2
|
|
GST 112
|
Philosophy &
Logic
|
2
|
|
BMS 111
|
Elementary
Mathematics 1
|
2
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
25
|
100L SECOND SEMESTER
|
CHM 122
|
General Chemistry II
|
3
|
|
CHM 124
|
Organic Chemistry II
|
3
|
|
PHY 109
|
Practical Physics
|
2
|
|
PHY 124
|
Electromagnetic
& Modern
Physics
|
4
|
|
PBB 122
|
Plant form &
Function
|
3
|
|
AEB 122
|
Functional Zoology
|
4
|
|
GST 121
|
Use of English II
|
2
|
|
GST 122
|
Nigerian People &
Culture
|
2
|
|
GST 123
|
History &
Philosophy of Science
|
2
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
25
|
200L
FIRST SEMESTER
|
Course
Code
|
Course Description
|
Course
Credit
|
|
ANT 210
|
General
Anatomy and Gross
Anatomy
of Upper Limbs
|
2
|
|
ANT 211
|
Gross
Anatomy of Thorax
|
2
|
|
ANT 212
|
Basic
Histology &Cytology
|
2
|
|
ANT 213
|
General
Embryology
|
2
|
|
MBC
210
|
Introductory
Biochemistry
|
2
|
|
MBC
211
|
Introductory
Analytical Techniques
|
2
|
|
PHS 211
|
Introductory
and General Physiology
|
2
|
|
PHS 212
|
Blood
and Body fluid Physiology
|
2
|
|
PHS 213
|
Cardiovascular
System
|
2
|
|
PHS 214
|
Respiratory
Physiology
|
2
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
20
|
200L
SECOND SEMESTER
|
Course
Code
|
Course Description
|
Course
Credit
|
|
ANT 220
|
Gross
Anatomy of the Abdomen,
Pelvis
and Perineum
|
2
|
|
ANT 221
|
Gross
Anatomy of Lower Limb
|
2
|
|
ANT 222
|
Systemic
Histology I
|
3
|
|
ANT 223
|
Systemic
Embryology I
|
3
|
|
MBC 220
|
Carbohydrate
& Lipid Metabolism
|
3
|
|
MBC 223
|
Amino
acid & Protein Metabolism
|
3
|
|
MBC 225
|
Protein
Chemistry & Enzymology
|
3
|
|
PHS 221
|
Renal
Physiology.
|
2
|
|
PHS 222
|
Gastrointestinal
Physiology
|
2
|
|
PHS 223
|
Endocrinology
& Reproduction
|
3
|
165
|
PHS 224
|
Temperature
Regulation.
|
1
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
27
|
300 LEVEL COURSES
Course Code Course title Course Credit
FIRST SEMESTER
PHS 311 Renal, Fluid & Electrolyte Balance 2
PHS 312 Hypothalamo-hypophyseal System
Physiology 2
PHS 313 Autonomic and Neurophysiology 3
PHS 314 Cardiovascular Physiology
3
ANA 311 Gross Anatony of the Head and
Neck 3
ANT 314 Neuroanatomy 1 2
CED 300 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2
BOT 315 Biostatistics 2
Total 17
2ND SEMESTER
CSC
310 Introduction to computing
3
PHS
321 Animal
Experimentation/Design of Experiment 3
PHS
322 Membrane Transport
Mechanism 2
PHS
323 Comparative
Environmental and Metabolic 2
PHS
324 Literature
Review
1
PHS
325 Seminar
1
MCB
320 Clinical
Biochemistry 3
MMB 321 Introductory Microbiology 1
PCO
320 Introductory
Pharmacology
2
Total
20
400 LEVEL COURSES
Course Code Course title Course
Credit
FIRST SEMESTER
PHS 410 Cellular Physiology 2
PHS 412 Advanced Cardiovascular
Physiology 3
PHS 413 Quantitative Pharmacology 3
PHS 414 Neuroscience 1 2
PHS 415 Advanced Pulmonary
Physiology 3
PHS 416 Advanced Gastrointestinal
Physiology 3
PHS 417 Advanced Renal and Body
Fluids 3
Total
19
SECOND SEMESTER
PHS 421 Advanced Endocrine and
Reproduction 3
PHS 422 Neuroscience 11 2
PHS 423 Sensory Physiology 2
PHS 424 Seminar
3
PHS 425 Project 6
Total
16
A SUMMARY OF THE CREDIT LOAD FOR THE
PROGRAMME
|
LEVEL
|
100
|
200
|
300
|
400
|
TOTAL
|
|
CREDITS
|
50
|
47
|
37
|
35
|
169
|
100L FIRST SEMESTER
PBB 111 DIVERSITY
OF PLANTS (3
Credits)
Morphology and life circle of plant and
animals. A general study of plant and animal groups from virus, algae/fungi to
chordates. Structural and functional study of plants and animal cells, tissues,
organs and systems. Taxonomic,
physiological and developmental studies of plant and animals. Reproduction,
genetic, hereditary substances, mechanism of nuclear division and stem cell
formation. Evolution and natural selection. Biology practical and
demonstrations.
AEB 111: INTRODUCTION
TO ANIMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY (4 Credits)
Man population growth and impact on the
biosphere. Faunal biodiversity. Invertebrate – protozoa, coelenterate,
platyhelminthes, annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda. Vertebrata – Cephalochordata,
pisces, amphibian, reptilia, aves, mammalia. Mammalian anatomy: anatomy of
rattus rattus.
PHY 111 MECHANICS,
THERMAL PHYSICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER (3 Credits)
Dimensional analysis. Element of
statistics. Vector algebra, kinematics
and dynamics of a mass point. Elementary
mechanics and gracitation. Kepler’s laws.
Motion of rigid bodies, moment of inertia, angular momentum. Conservation of laws. Simple harmonic motion.
Elastic properties of solids, module of elasticity. Fluid dynamics and
hydrodynamics. Laws of thermodynamics and thermal energy, temperature, calorimetry,
change of State, critical points. Heat transfer, conduction, convection and
radiation. Black body radiation. Gas laws. Kinetic theory of gases. Physics
practical and demonstrations.
PHY
113 VIBRATIONS, WAVES AND OPTICS (3
Credits)
Electristatucs, ciykinv’s laws Gauss’
law and simple application. Electric field energy and electrostatic potentials.
Capacitance, Conductors insulators, dielectrics and polarization. Electric current. Ohm’s law. Circuit analysis. Thermo electricity.
Magnetic effects of currents. Ampere’s law application. Magnetism. Earth’s
magnetic field. Arady’s law of induction. Alternating current. AC
circuits–measuring derives. Hall’s effect. Optics – basic principle and
applications. Eye, Lenses and glasses as applied to common eye defects. Physics
practical and demonstration.
CHM 111 GENERAL
CHEMISTRY 1 (3 Credits)
An introduction to atomic structure and
electronic configuration of the elements.
Electronic theory of valiancy. The periodic classification and the
general study of the elements with emphasis on similarities and differences
based on position in the periodic table. Radioactivity and its application
kinetic theory and laws of gases. Properties of dilute solutions.
Thermo-chemistry. Chemical equilibrium. Theory of acids, bases and indicators.
Phase equilibrium study and multicopnent systems and application in partition
and absorption chromatography.
Chemistry practical and demonstration.
CHM 113 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I (3 Credits)
Introduction to organic chemistry. IUPAC nomenclature, elemental analysis and
molecular formulae. Structural isomerism. Isolation and purification
methods. The concept of functional
growth, resonance and aromaticity. A study of saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons, syslic hydrocarbons, alcohols, alkythalides, others, aldehydes,
comparison of phenols, alkythalides and aromatic amines with their aliphatic
analogues. Common synthetic polymers and their uses. Introduction to
carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and fats. Optical isomerism.
Chemistry practical and demonstration.
BMS 111 ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 1 (2
Credits)
Polynomials and their factorization,
rational function. Trigonometry definitions and elementary properties of
trigonometric function, radian measure, periodicity of identities. Formulas for
sum, product and quotient. The chain rule. Differentiation of definite and
indefinite algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
maxims and minima, tangential and normal. Fundamental theory of calculus,
simple application to areas and volumes, Methods of integration.
GST 111 USE OF ENGLISH
1 (2 Credits)
Modes and methods of effective
communication in English. Use of
literary works to improve communication skills.
Development of reading and writing skills. Note taking and summarizing
from oral English and written instructions on lexis. Collection for written
assignments.
GST 112 PHILOSOPHY AND
LOGIC (2
Credits)
Introduction to the main branches of
philosophy, symbolic logic. Special
symbol in symbolic logic. Conjugation,
negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalence and conditional statements. Law
of thought. Method of deduction using rules of inference and biconditional
qualification theory.
100L SECOND SEMESTER
CHM 122 GENERAL
CHEMISTRY II (3
Credits)
Acids, Bases and salts. Quantitative and qualitative analysis. Theory
of volumetric analysis-operations and methods. Calculations: mole, molarity,
molality. Behavior of electrolytes. Water. Colligative properties. Ostwald’s
dilution law. Arthenius, Bronsted-Lowry, lewis concepts and applications. Buffers – introduction to reaction rates.
Equilibria and equilibrium constants. Solubility products. Common effects.
Precipitation reactions, Chemistry of Redox reactions.
CHM 124 ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY II (3
Credits)
Polar function group chemistry. Hydroxyl group
carbonyl group, carboxylic group Carboxylic acid derivatives and amino acids.
Miscellanceous topics – fats and oils, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and
natural products.
PHY 109 PRACTICAL PHYSICS (2 Credits)
Students are expected to carry out a
minimum of 12 major experiments covering the main aspects of the courses taken
in the year.
PHY
124 ELECTROMAGNETIC AND MODERN PHYSICS (4 Credits)
Electromagnetism – electric field,
steady direct current, Kirchhoffs laws, capacitors, Electromagnetic fields,
alternating currents, magnetic fields Electromagnetic induction, and
electricity and matter. Modern physics – structure of atom and structure of the
nucleus.
BOT 122 PLANT FORM AND
FUNCTION (3
Credits)
The general morphology, anatomy,
histology and physiology of flowering plants, seed structure, dispersal and
germination: development of primary and secondary plant body; water relations;
photosynthesis, translocation, and storage organs, respiration.
AEB 122 FUNCTIONAL
ZOOLOGY (4
Credits)
Embryology–gametogenesis, fertilization
and cleavage as demonstrated by Amphioxus, Genetics: the cell and distribution
of genetic material, mitosis, meiosis, meiosis inheritance, sex determination
and sex linked inheritance. Histology.
Cells, tissues, organ formation and main features. Physiology: functioning of
mammalian skin, muscles/skeleton, alimentary system/nutritional requirements
and deficiencies.
GST 122 NIGERIAN PEOPLE
AND CULTURE (2
Credits)
History, norms and cultural
characteristics of African and the Nigerian society in particular, role of
culture in the behaviors of Nigerian. The African society, development,
migration, large and small rural movements and its effect on man and disease, the
Nigerian rural and urban societies and diseases. Changing patterns of diseases
in rural and urban societies. Changing moral values. Cultural nationalism and
political evolution of African states. concepts of religion in humanistic
functions. Role and concepts of functional education in national development.
200L FIRST SEMESTER
MBC
210: INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY (2 Credits).
Short history and Definition of
Biochemistry. Importance of Biochemistry to medicine and other scientific
disciplines. The living cell. Organization and Molecular architecture. Types of
cell and their characteristics. Structure and organization of Biological
membranes. Biomolecules and the origin of life. Chemistry of Biomolecules.
Carbohydrates Classification, structure distribution and functional role of
named examples. Chemical properties and reactions. Essential fatty acids,
Eicosanoids fat-soluble vitamins – Structure and functions. Peptide bonds and
hierarchy of protein structure Nucleic acids. RNA and DNA.Structure/function of
enzymes. Zymogens Active site and specificity of enzymes. Inhibition and
Activation of enzymes. Factors affecting enzyme
catalyses reaction.Allosteric enzymes.
Isoenzymes. The Concepts of Aviaminoses, Hypovitaaminoses and Antivitamins.
Vitamins and their Co-enzyme function. Biomedical importance of vitamins.
MBC
211: INTRODUCTORY ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (2
Credits).
Measuring techniques in cell
fractionation, Chromatography, Spectrophotometry, Electrophoresis and
Calorimetry.Methods of studying the cell. Microscopy, histochemistry and
cytochemistry. Autoradiography Vs. Scintillation counting. Cell fractionation
methods including differential Centrifugation and Gradient centrifugation.
Molecular hybridization including Paul Doty experiments. Acids, and bases.
Buffers and buffer systems. Henderson Hassel bach equation. Titration curves of
acids and bases. End point indicatiors. zwitterions. isoelectric pH nucleic
acid.
ANT
210: GENERAL ANATOMY AND GROSS ANATOMY OF
THE UPPER LIMBS (3
Credits)
The general descriptive terms as used in
the study of the human body would be introduced. The techniques used to study
the human body would techniques used to study the human body would also be
introduced. The normal anatomical position and directional movement of body
parts would be introduced. The gross
anatomy of the upper limbs: pectoral region, Axilla, Brachial plexus, scapular
region, brachium, Antebrachial fossa and its Anastomosis, carpal tunnel, Hand,
Nerve injuries, oseteology and joint of the upper limb, the vascular
anastomosis and lymphatic drainage of the breast and upper limb would be
studied.
ANT
211: GROSS ANATOMY OF THORAX (2 Credits)
Description: for the thorax: The sternum
and ribs, thoracic vertebrae, Heart and great vessels, thoracic duct,
dissection of the entire thoracic region, Azygos system of vein, intercostals
spaces, Mediastinum, lungs bronchiopulmonary tree and segments thoracic
diaphragm, Aorta and respiratory movement.
ANT
212: BASIC HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY (2 Credits)
Description: Structure and the function
of the cell, general histology and basic tissues of the body. Preparation of
tissues for microscopy, is a practical oriented course that is studied alongside
with the theoretically based lecture.
ANT
213: GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY (2 Credits).
General consideration of the male and
female Reproductive organs. Gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation,
cleavage, the morula, the blastocyst formation of the primitive streak, the
Bilaminar and trilamuiar germ disc. Development of tissues and organ systems of
the embryo, the chorionic and amniotic cavities, foetal membranes, placental
formation and functions. The molecular regulation in differentiation of tissues
and organs and in the establishment and patterning of the body axis. Birth
defects, chromosomal and genetic factors. Twins and twin defects, general
characteristics of the embryonic and foetal periods.
PHS
211: INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)
Cell physiology, Physiochemical
principles, Body fluids and Blood transport: Control systems. Introduction to
ANS. Excitable and contractile Cells.
PHS
212: BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits). Introduction and
definition of body fluids and body fluid compartments. Regulation of body fluid
volumes Physiological variation of body fluid volumes. Techniques for
quantifying various body fluid volumes.
Blood: Functions of blood and
classifications of blood cells. Erythropoiesis. Haematological indices.
Haemoglobin genotype and Blood groups. Immunology and cell defence.
PHS
213: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (2 Credits)
Definition and functions of the
cardiovascular system, Cardiac muscle Cardiac myoelectrophysiology, cardiac
cycle, Circulation of blood: cardiac output and regulation. Blood pressure.
Haemodynamics and microcirculation. Pulmonary, Cerebral, Coronary, Splanchnic
and muscle circulation, Shock and cardiovascular changes in exercise.
PHS
214: RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits).
Definition and functions of the
respiratory system, Physiologic anatomy of the respiratory system. Respiratory
dynamics and work. Pulmonary ventilation: Lung volumes and capacities,
spirometry. Mechanism and mechanics of breathing, Lung surfactant, pulmonary
circulation. Gas exchange and Gas transport. Oxygen Haemoglobin dissociation
curve. Hypoxia and Dyspnoea. Respiratory changes in exercise and barometric
changes. Control of breathing.
200L
SECOND SEMESTER
ANT
220: GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS
AND PERINEUM
(2 Credits)
Abdomen: subdivision of the abdominal
region and their applied anatomy, Anterior Abdominal wall, inguinal region,
posterior abdominal wall, stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small
and large intestine, celiac trunk, biliary apparatus, intra and supra colic
compartment and recesses, appendix renal and suprarenal gland, dissection of
the entire abdominal region for proper understanding of the entire region.
Pelvis & perineum: pelvic cavity
wall and diaphragm. Pelvic visceral like the urinary bladder, uterus, testes,
ovary, etc). Perineum, boundaries and subdivisions. Perineal pouches, external
and internal genitalia, ischiorectal fossas. General dissection of the pelvis
and perineum region.
ANT
221: GROSS
ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMBS (2
Credits)
The lower limb lumbar and lumbosacral
plexus, femoral triangle, thigh, gluteal region, leg, foot, nerves injury and
their applied anatomy of lower limb popliteal fossa, Genual and ankle joints,
Arch of the foot, Osteology and joins of the lower limb. Vascular Anastomosis
and lymphatic drainage of the lower limb. The theoretical aspect to go along
side with the dissection of these regions in cadaver.
ANT
222: SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY I
(3 Credits)
Systemic histology of CVS, GIT, musculo
skeletal.
ANT
223: SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY 1 (3 Credits).
The diaphragm, the cardiovascular,
respiratory and gastrointestines systems. Development of the adrenal gland, the
liver, the pancreas and the spleen. The urogenital, musculoskeletel and
integumentary system. The limbs, the molecular regulation and associated
developmental anomalies of the systems.
PHS
221: RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2
Credits).
Definition and functions of the kidney.
Physiologic anatomy of the kidney. Glomerular filtration. Tubular functions.
Urine formation: - Dilute and concentrated Urine, Counter current mechanism,
Plasma clearance, renal autoregulation,
ECF regulation, Acid Base balance, Renin-Angiotensin system.
PHS
222: GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)
Definition and functions, Physiologic
anatomy and Innervations of the GIT, Mastication, Deglutition, Salivary gland,
Digestion and food absorption, Movement and Stomach emptying, Movements of the
GIT, Vomiting and defecation, GIT secretions and juices,
Liver and General metabolism (BMR)
PHS
223: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION (3
Credits)
Definition and functions, Definition of
Hormones, Methods of Measurement, Types and mechanism of Actions, Regulation,
Physiologic anatomy, Hypothalamus-Hypothalamic releasing factors, Hypothalamic
Nuclei, Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, Pituitary gland, Tropic Hormones, GIT
and other local hormones. Structure and functions of male and female
reproductive organs, Androgens, Spermatogenesis and fertility. Infertility in
male. Oogenesis, Sexual cycle and hormonal regulations. Fertilization,
Pregnancy and Parturition, Fertility and infertility in female. Family
planning.
PHS 224 TEMPERATURE
REGULATION (1
Credit)
Body temperature and the environment,
Mechanisms of heat Exchange, peripheral thermoreceptors, central
thermoreceptors, hyperthermia, and hypothermia, Fever, heat Exhaustion and Heat
stroke.
MBC
220: CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM
(3 Credits).
Structural inter-relationships of
sugars. Stereochemistry of sugars. Hexoses, Pentoses, Disaccharides, Starch,
Glycogen, and Polysaccharides. Methods of identifying sugars. Carbohydrate
metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Glycolysis. TCA Cycle and Pentose
Phosphate pathway. Control of Glycolysis. TCA Cycle and Pentose Phosphate
pathway. Glyoxylate Pathway.
Gluconeogenesis. Glyoxylate Pathway. Gluconeogenesis. Glycogenolysis and
Glycogenesis.Mitochondrail electron transport chain and Oxidative
Phosphorylation. Energy generation and storage in Biological systems. Disorders
of Carbohydrate Metabolism. The pyruvate and α
– Ketoglutarate complexes and their regulation. Metabolism of lipids. Digestion
and absorption. Role of Lipoproteins in lipid transport. Metabolism of lipoprotein
in health and disease. Triacylglycerol oxidation and oxidation of fatty acids.
Storage and mobilization of energy stores in adipocytes. Ketone bodies and
Ketosis.
Interrelationship of fatty acid and
carbohydrate biosynthesis/oxidation. Biological importance of Eicosanoids. glycolipids
and sphingolipids. The Chemistry and metabolism of
Steroids and Steroid hormones
MBC
223: AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM (3 Credits).
Structure of amino acids. Peptide bonds.
Metabolism and transport of amino acids and proteins. Digestion and absorption.
Gammaglutamyl cycle. Detailed treatment of mechanism of deamination,
transamination glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate and glutamine synthesis. The
biochemical and clinical importance of these enzymes. Fate of Carbon skeleton.
Urea cycle. The concepts of nitrogen balance. Nitrogen turnover in cells.
Degradation of amino acids. Ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids. Aromatic acid
degradation and inborn errors of metabolism, metabolism of uric acid
Integration and Compartmentation in intermediary metabolism. Metabolism of one
carbon compounds.
MBC
225: PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY (3 Credits).
A review of the Structural
Characteristic of proteins. Determination of N and C terminal amino acid. Amino
acid sequence and sulphide bridges. Determination of Protein Structure by X-
Crystallograaphy. biological functions of proteins. The oxygen transporting
proteins (haemoglobin and myoglobin) connective tissue protein. Collagen and
elastin. Structure /function relationships. Enzymes. Isolation and Purification
from animals and plants. And Microorganism. Zymogens and Isoenzymes.
Characteristics of Enzymes. Kinectics of enzyme catalysed reaction.
Allosterism. Importance of enzymology in Medicine. Coenzymes and relationships
to vitamins.
300L
FIRST SEMESTER
PHS
311: RENAL, FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE (2 Credits).
Functions of the kidney, Morphology of
tubule and Tubular functions. Renal function tests Mechanism of renal Excretion
of different electrolytes (H+, Na+, K+ and Cl-)
and ECF Balance.
PHS
312: HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits).
*Diagrammatic illustration of the
relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
*Physiologic morpholoty of the
hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior pituitary).
*Development (embryology) of the
hypothalamo pituitary axis.
*Histology of the hypothalamo-pituitary
axis
Cell types of the anterior pituitary
gland – functions, distribution and staining characteristics.
*Blood supply of the
hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
Hypothalmo-hypophy seal portal system.
*Nervous pathways of the
hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis.
Hypothalamo-hypophy seal nerve tract.
*Functions of the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic neurohormones and their
functions *Hormones of the Posterior pituitary gland – site and mechanism of
synthesis, transport, storate and release.
*Feedback mechanisms in the
hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.
PHS
313: AUTONOMIC AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (3 Credits).
Physiologic anatomy of the ANS.
Functions of the ANS Difference and Similarities between ANS and somatic nervous
system. Divisions of the ANS. Characteristics of the Sympathetic and the
Parasympathetic system. Similarities and
differences. ANS effects on major organs of the body, Pharmacology of the ANS,
ANS reflexes and Control centers. Classification of Nerves, Sensory organs and
receptors, Modalities of sensations. Reflexes: -reflex arc, act and action.
Myotatic reflexes, postural reflexes, Mono and polysynaptic reflexes.
Organization of the Nervous system, Spinal cord. Brain stem and the Brain and
localization of functions, Sensory and Motor Tracts. Pyramidal and Extra
Pyramidal Tracts. Basal ganglia, Thalamus and Hypothalamus, Cerebellum,
Testicular formation and Limbic system, Alertness, Sleep, Memory and learning.
PHS
314: CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (3
Credits).
Cardiac myoelectrophysiology, cardiac
cycle, Circulation of blood: cardiac output and regulation. Blood pressure.
Haemodynamics and microcirculation. Pulmonary, Cardiovascular changes in
Exercise Cardiorespiratory of the newborn
Regulation of intracellular calcium concentration Cardiac integration and
autonomic control of the heart; Excitation contraction coupling in vascular
smooth muscle; Vascular and autonomic receptors; Pulmonary circulation and
architecture of the pulmonary vasculature; Structural and functional
adaptation; Individual circulations; Cardiovascular actions of histamine, the
Renin/angiotensin system and,
Vasodilators drugs: nitrovasodilators,
atrial natriuretic peptides.
300L
SECOND SEMESTER
PHS
321: ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/DESIGN OF
EXPERIMENT
(3 Credits).
Laboratory animal experimental
techniques in physiology - Past and present.
Basic instrumentation, Tissue
preparations. Investigation techniques and Design of Experiment Basic skills of
Proposal writing. Data management.
PHS
322: MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISM (2 Credits).
Types and theories, Basic mechanisms of
operation. Roles of enzymes and modulators. Membrane receptors, Second
Messengers, Signal transduction pathways, How and why cells communicate with
each other. Introduction of the concept of the body as a whole organism in
balance involving both inter and intracellular communication; Concept of
homeostasis; Mechanism of intercellular communication; Roles of ions and ionic
movements in cellular function; Neurotransmitters and drugs acting on
peripheral neurotransmission; cholinergic, adrenergic and non-cholinergic,
non-adrenergic transmission.
PHS
323: COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND
METABOLIC PHYSIOLOGY (2
Credits).
Barometric and physiological changes.
Different Environmental changes exposures and safety methods and devices.
Different health hazards associated with adverse environmental changes. Basic
Metabolic Rate, Measurement and Factors influencing it and Regulation
PHS
324: LITERATURE REVIEW (1 Credits).
Literature search. Library use and
Online Library services. Internet Resources and Various Internet search
engines. Literature Citation methods.
PHS
325: SEMINAR (1 Credits).
Seminar topics will be assigned as may
be determined by the department.
MMB
321: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY (1 Credits).
History, morphology, growth and
nutrition. Classification and identification of bacteria. Bacterial genetics,
bacteriophages, viruses, infection and resistance to infection. Sterilization
and disinfection. Antimicrobial agents. Introduction parasites and fungi.
PCO
320: INTRODUCTORY PHARMACOLOGY (2 Credits).
History of Pharmacology and its
development. Introduction to pharmacokinetics; drug absorption and
bioavailability. Drug metabolism, pharmacogenetics. Effects of disease on drug
kinetics. Drug in pregnancy and the extreme age.
Pharmacodynamics; dose-response
relationships, LD50 ED50 and TD50. Therapeutic
index; introduction of new drugs, clinical trials; adverse drug reactions and
adverse reaction surveillance.
400L
FIRST SEMESTER
PHS
410: CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits).
Cell membranes and transmembrane
transport of solute and water, Membrane permeability barriers, Ionic equations,
Resting membrane potential, Action potential, Synaptic transmission, Membrane
receptors, Second Messengers, Signal transduction pathways, How and why cells
communicate with each other. Introduction of the concept of the body as a whole
organism in balance involving both inter and intracellular communication;
Concept of homeostasis; Mechanism of intercellular communication; Roles of ions
and ionic movements in cellular function; Neurotransmitters and drugs acting on
peripheral neurotransmission; cholinergic, adrenergic and non-cholinergic,
non-adrenergic transmission.
PHS
412: ADVANCED CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (3 Credits).
Gross structure of the heart and blood
vessels; Cardiac muscle and valve actions; Microscopic structures of the
arterial wall Venous structures and pattern of distribution; fenestrated and
sinusoid capillaries and endothelial transport. Cardiovascular reflexes;
Excitation contraction coupling in cardiac muscle, Basic electrophysiology of
cardiac muscle. Regulation of intracellular calcium concentration Cardiac
integration and autonomic control of the heart; Excitation contraction coupling
in vascular smooth muscle; Vascular and autonomic receptors; Pulmonary
circulation and architecture of the pulmonary vasculature; Structural and
functional adaptation; Individual circulations; Cardiovascular actions of
histamine, the Renin/angiotensin system and the cicosanoids, Vasodilator drugs:
nitrivasodilators, atrial natriuretic peptides, phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Inhibitors of L-type voltage-operated calcium channels, and endotheliumderived
nitric oxide: mechanisms of action of the agents and their role in the
treatment of hypertension and angina.
PHS
413: QUANTITATIVE PHARMACOLOGY (3 Credits).
Receptors-structure of receptors,
classes of receptor structure and relation to function. Classification of
receptors; Receptor-ligand interactions; theories of ligand receptors
interactions agonists/antagonists; chemical basis of interactions. structure activity
relationships, calculation of binding parameters, doseresponse relationships,
Calculation of pD2 values; competitive and non-competitive antagonism; ligand
selectivity, measurement and calculation of pA2 values; Schild plots, receptor
reserve, Receptor effect coupling/ signal transduction, ion channels,
G-proteins, Camp, Ca2+, protein kinases.
PHS
414: NEUROSCIENCE 1 (2 Credits).
Structure and function of synapses;
Synaptic transmission in cholinergic, adrenergic and NANC nerves; structure and
function of the neuronal pathways of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems;
drugs which interfere with acetylcholine. norepinephrine and other transmitters
at their receptors on the various effector organs; Synthesis release and
breakdown of neurotransmitters.
PHS
415: ADVANCED PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY (3 Credits).
Intrapulmonary and intrapleural
pressures; Gas laws, ventilation/perfusion ratios, Compliance; Elasticity;
Surface tension; Surfactant; Mechanics of breathing; Gas exchange; Brain stem;
Respiration centers; Central and peripheral chemoreceptors; Haemoglobin and
oxygen transport; Carborndioxide transport and acid- base balance; high
altitude and respiratory functions; Respiratory disorders.
PHS
416: ADVANCED GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
(3 Credits).
Structures of the GIT, Extrinsic and
intrinsic innervations; enteric nervous system; Digestion and absorption;
Secretions, Motility; Exocrine pancreases; Neuro-endocrine regulation of the
GIT functions; GIT disorders.
PHS
417: ADVANCED RENAL AND BODY FLUIDS (3 Credits).
Physiologic anatomy of the kidney, renal
blood vessels, renal tubes; Ultrafiltrate and regulation of Glomerular
filtration rate; Tubular reabsorption; Counter-current multiplier system. Renal
plasma clearance; Electrolyte and Acid-base balance; Control of body fluid
osmolality and volume; Clinical applications
400L
SECOND SEMESTER
PHS
421: ADVANCED ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTION (3 Credits).
Endocrine glands; Mechanism of hormone
actions; Classifications of hormones; cAMP as second messenger; Ca2+
as second messenger, Pituitary gland and relationship with the hypothalamus;
Pancreas and other endocrine; Sexual reproduction; Endocrine control of
reproduction, Fertilization and infertility; Pregnancy and Parturition. Birth
control and methods
PHS
422: NEUROSCIENCE 11 (2 Credits).
Organization of the cerebra. Cerebral lobes; Sensory and Motor Cortex;
Cerebral internalization; Aphasias, Limbic system and emotion; Cranial and
spinal Nerves; Spinal cord; Tracts; Motor control by cortex; Cerebellum and
Basal ganglia; Central control of ANS.
PHS
423: SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits).
Receptor characteristics, cutaneous
sensations, Taste and Smell; Vestibular apparatus and Equilibrium; Neural
auditory pathways; Hearing impairments; Vision; Refractive Errors and
correction; The Retina; Neural Processing of Visual information
PHS
424: SEMINAR (3 Credits).
Topics as may be assigned by the
department
PHS
425: PROJECT (6 Credits).
Nice work
ReplyDelete